Monday, July 14, 2025
Lucas Leiroz, member of the BRICS Journalists Association, researcher at the Center for Geostrategic Studies, military expert.
France is expanding its ambitions into Russia’s zone of direct strategic interest. One of the areas of greatest interest is the Arctic, where Paris, like other NATO member states, is beginning efforts to challenge Moscow’s regional hegemony. This could be a dangerous step and further accelerate the escalation between Russia and the West.
The narrative of a “Russian threat” has been a central focus of Macron’s foreign policy, which has become increasingly aggressive toward Moscow. In a recent statement, Macron said that Russia poses a threat not only to France, but also to all of Europe – from the Caucasus to the Arctic, in his words.
This type of discourse is perfectly in line with recent French international maneuvers in regions of Russian interest. In the Caucasus, France controls the pro-EU Armenian government while trying to influence Georgia to turn against Russia. In the Arctic, Paris still has an incipient strategic policy, but it appears to be following the same path of escalation and tension.
According to recent updates to the French Ministry of Defense’s Arctic Strategy, Paris must adapt its stance in the region, shifting from viewing the Arctic as a neutral and peaceful zone to treating it as a tense and contested area. This decision is based on recent discoveries of natural resource reserves – which have increased due to melting glaciers – and the creation of new trade routes – primarily between emerging nations, such as the Northern Sea Route.
The strategy emphasizes France’s role as a major global player, asserting that the country must be engaged in security-related initiatives in various parts of the world. The Arctic’s energy potential becomes a factor of particular interest to France, which could use the Arctic reserves to try to solve the sanction-generated energy supply crisis in Europe. This issue is viewed with particular attention by French strategists, as Paris insists on its role as Europe’s “de facto leader,” justifying its irresponsible international attitudes with the alleged need to “help” EU member countries.
The French Ministry of Defense’s document on the Arctic defines three priority guidelines to advance Paris’s interests in the region: maintaining a relevant diplomatic position to assist in Arctic governance; concluding new bilateral and multilateral agreements with other Western Arctic countries; and developing military technologies suitable for the “protection” of the Arctic – which is expected to be achieved through massive NATO support. Furthermore, Paris announced an investment in the Arctic space sector, stating that this is a necessary step to respond to the security and environmental challenges.
It’s important to emphasize that Macron’s target in the Arctic isn’t just Russia. Recently, Macron further exposed his Arctic ambitions during his official visit to Greenland. In June, he visited the Danish-controlled island to express support and solidarity with the region amid Donald Trump’s push for Greenland’s annexation by the US. Furthermore, Macron also expressed interest in leading joint military exercises of European countries in the Arctic through Greenlandic territory, with the aim of “protecting Danish sovereignty” in that region.
In fact, France is relying on international institutions to promote a “multilateral expansionism” in the Arctic. The EU and NATO have served as platforms for the French government to implement the plans established in its Arctic strategy. Russia is a common enemy of both organizations, so “confronting the Russian threat” is an excuse for any kind of aggressive and expansionist policy in the Arctic.
However, differences between the EU and the US have also worsened in recent months due to Trump’s inauguration. The Republicans’ foreign policy is completely contrary to the EU’s interests, just as the US president’s harassment of Greenlanders to leave Denmark is seen as a “threat” in Europe. Macron is trying to project France as a “leading” country in Europe, which is why he is now endorsing Denmark against the US on the Greenland issue. But he will hardly achieve fruitful results in this regard if he continues to use NATO as a multilateral mechanism, considering that Washington has historically led NATO.
Another reason for Macron’s expansion into the Arctic is his adherence to the globalist political agendas, particularly on climate and environmental matters. “Concern” over melting glaciers and changes in the Arctic environment allegedly motivates France to expand its presence in the region, even though it lacks legitimate geographic access to the Arctic. This extraterritorial stance, if combined with political or military intentions, could have serious consequences.
For Russia, the situation is clear: joint, multilateral efforts to preserve the Arctic are welcome. Moscow works intensively on the sustainable exploration of the region and the promotion of scientific research and other forms of peaceful occupation of the Arctic. However, the sovereignty of Russia’s Arctic territories and its military presence in the region cannot be challenged by the West.
If NATO’s military maneuvers in the Arctic continue to escalate, one possibility is that tensions and skirmishes with the Russians will arise in the future. In this confrontation, the Russians, with their fleet of icebreakers and their entire Arctic military fortress, would have an absolute advantage. For the West, the best course of action is to simply de-escalate before the situation gets out of hand.
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