IMAGE: Nordic Warden ~ JEF activates UK-led reaction system to track threats to undersea infrastructure and monitor Russian shadow fleetĀ
Although the 21st-century Wire has thoroughly examined the sabotage of the North Stream pipeline, we are still in the process of investigating this unprecedented act of terrorism carried out in the āNATO Lakeā (Baltic Sea) on September 26, 2022, and will soon publish our next report.Ā Meanwhile,Ā it would seem wise to pay attention to a significant statement released yesterday by the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), which warns about a plot by British intelligence Services to utilise NATO allies for a large-scale operation against Russiaās so-called āShadow Fleet.ā According to SVR, the proposed plan entails a substantial act of sabotage, the repercussions of which would allow the UK and its NATO allies to declare that the transportation of Russian oil poses a threat to global shipping, hence enabling the West to adopt various countermeasures. In the worst-case scenario, this could lead to the detention of any āsuspiciousā vessels in international waters, which would ultimately be escorted to NATO ports. In its statement,Ā the SVR emphasises two potential scenarios that the British are currently developing as part of their operational plan.
The first involves orchestrating an incident with an āunwanted tankerā in a narrow maritime passage (such as a strait). An oil spill and the obstruction of the shipping lane, as London anticipates, would provide NATO nations with āadequateā justification to establish a precedent for an āextraordinary inspectionā of a vessel, ostensibly to ensure compliance with maritime safety regulations and environmental standards.
The second scenario considers putting a tanker on fire while it is being loaded at a port in a nation allied with Russia. It is expected that the resulting explosion would inflict considerable damage on the portās infrastructure and potentially spread to other vessels, necessitating an international inquiry.
STATEMENT: Press Bureau of the Foreign Intelligence Service of Russia, August 4 (Source: SVR)
SVR Statement
The SVR suggest that the British Intelligence Services would use the Ukrainian special forces for carrying out the sabotage, pointing to their āpredictable operational footprintā as a strategy for Britain to shift blame. Russian officials compared the supposed scheme to the Nord Stream pipeline incident, indicating that the consequences would either point to Russia or Ukraine, while shielding Western entities from any responsibility.
In a statement made on May 9, 2025, ahead of the Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF) meeting, which was held in Oslo, Norway, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer emphasised that the UK was moving forward with new sanctions targeting as many as 100 vessels implicated in the transportation of Russian oil, despite existing international sanctions, whilst openly making threats to Russia so-called āShadow Fleetā operation. Starmer remarked:
āThe threat from Russia to our national security cannot be underestimated,ā Starmer said Friday. āThat is why we will do everything in our power to destroy his shadow fleet operation, starve his war machine of oil revenues and protect the subsea infrastructure that we rely on for our everyday lives.ā (Source POLITICO)
IMAGE: British Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer (left) meets Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Store on the Norwegian coastguard vessel Jan Mayen in Oslo, Norway, during the Ā Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF) meeting in May 2025 (Source: Alistair Grant/PA)Ā (PA Wire)
Since January 2025, the Russian shadow fleet has been monitored by the Joint Expeditionary Forceās advanced UK-led reaction system, known as Nordic Warden, Ā The system is part of NATOās effort to track Russian āShadow Fleetā vessels in Northern European water, which operations fall under the command of Major General Tom Bateman, the commander of UK Standing Joint Force Headquarters (SJFHQ). According to a post on X from Russiaās Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Britainās strategy includes a significant act of sabotage aimed at compelling Washington to impose sanctions on purchasers of Russian energy.
Russiaās Foreign Intelligence Service:
UK intelligence agencies plan to involve NATO allies to launch a massive raid on the āshadow fleetā.
This plan provides for a major act of sabotage to force Washington into sanctioning buyers of Russian energy.https://t.co/HZl33A0M7j pic.twitter.com/l88p5kM7xP
ā MFA Russia (@mfa_russia) August 4, 2025
In September 2024, Russiaās FSB security service withdrew the accreditation of six members of the political department of the British Embassy in Moscow, due to evidence of their involvement in espionage and sabotage activities. The FSB charged the British diplomats with attempting to heighten the political and military tensions in Russia, allegedly coordinating their efforts from London. The Russian Federation has declared on multiple occasions this year that the United Kingdom is their number one enemy, even before the US, who, in a recent statement by US Commanding General Christopher T. Donahue, Commander of Allied Land Command, NATO, shockingly explained during a conference in Germany, how NATO has developed a plan to āneutralize Kalilingrad A2AD bubbles from NATO ground postitions on both side of the 47 km ākill boxā stretch,Ā to defeat Russian reinforced presence. This reflects a common error made by someone who is using prepackaged formula from the US military-industrial complex, confusing simulations with actual strategy, whilst believing that Artificial Intelligence (AI) can easily replace the complexities of the historical geography, geopolitics and the harsh realities of war.
VIDEO: Extract from LANDEURO Germany Day 1. Conference with Speaker Christopher Donahue (Source: Courtesy Video from U.S. Army Europe and Africa)
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Today, there is enough evidence that demonstrates how Britain has consistently supported Ukraineās military efforts and has promoted direct confrontation with Russia, significantly contributing to NATOās troop deployments and training activities near Russiaās borders. Following the onset of the war, Britain dispatched billions in arms, special forces, and volunteers to facilitate further escalation. Therefore, the assessment by Russian intelligence regarding the genuine threat that Britain poses to their national security, and regional stability should not be unexpected; rather, it should be viewed as a continuation of the UKās escalatory strategy in the Ukraine conflictā¦
In the Western imperialist alliance, it is Britain, in fact, to a greater extent than the United States, that has played a very special leading role in the allianceās war against Russia, with Ukraine as its battlefield. It was the British Ministry of Defence that createdĀ the Integrity InitiativeĀ (with ramifications to Norway, seeĀ hereĀ andĀ hereĀ ), the British and theirĀ Chatham House, with its roots in colonial times, played aĀ leading roleĀ duringĀ the Maidan coupĀ in 2014, and the British are world leaders in online psychological warfare. TheĀ Ā 77th Brigade uses social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram and Facebook, as well as podcasts, data analysis and public opinion polling to carry out what the head of the British military,Ā Ā General Nick Carter,Ā Ā describes asĀ Ā āinformation warfareā. TJ Coles sheds more light on Britainās role in the war against Russia in this article. (PĆ„l Steigan,Ā editor-in-chief at Steigan.no)
In this context, it can be beneficial to revisit articles published in the initial six months of the Ukraine-Russia conflict to fully understand the insights and cautions that were present during that period. Today, we are highlighting an article published on August 12, 2022, by āThe Grayzone,ā and written by TJ Coles, a postdoctoral researcher at Plymouth Universityās Cognition Institute and the author of multiple books. This piece perfectly captures Britainās perilous strategy, which is undoubtedly bringing us closer to a nuclear confrontation with each passing dayā¦
IMAGE: UK Chief of the General Staff General Patrick Sanders visited Ukrainian soldiers training in the UK, July 2022. (Source: MOD)
TJ Coles reports for The Grayzoneā¦
Britain has played a key role in NATO forward troop deployments and training exercises on Russiaās borders. With war underway, the UK sends billions in arms, special forces, and volunteers to ensure escalation.
In an effort to evade his domestic woes, British Prime Minister Boris Johnsonāwho may soon be replacedāhas spent much timeĀ toing and froingĀ to Ukraine. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy hasĀ describedĀ the buffoonish British PM as one of Ukraineās closest allies. If and when Johnson leaves office, he is tipped for a role as Ukraine Envoy.
The Johnson-Zelenskyy relationship contrasts sharply with Zelenskyyās experiences with French President Emmanuel Macron, who hasĀ warnedĀ the European Union (EU) and the US not to āhumiliateā Russian President Putin and instead toĀ seek diplomaticĀ over military solutions to the conflict.
But Johnsonās pastiche of Churchillian resolve has deeper roots in the Anglo-American alliance when it comes to Ukraine, and is heavily informed by Britainās membership of the US-led North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). His impulses are also dictated by Britainās post-World War Two-era role in the global order: to serve the interests of the US state. From 2015 to this year, the UK hasĀ trainedĀ over 22,000 Ukrainian military personnel as part of the Maritime Training Initiative and Operation Orbital.
The UK pushes Ukraine as a gateway to NATO
In my bookĀ Britainās Secret Wars, I documented how the UK spent years training the Ukrainian military, long before the 2014 coup, and even when the Ukrainian military was under the command of Russian-oriented governments.
āWe believe that Ukraine, as a European country, should have the right, under existing treaties, to join the EU once it has fulfilled the criteria for accession.ā These are the wordsĀ spokenĀ in 2011 by Leigh Turner, Ambassador to Austria and the UK Permanent Representative to the United Nations. Turner went on to say: āIāve actually spent several chunks of my career in and around Central and Eastern Europe, starting off with a year in 1980 as a civil servant at the headquarters of the British Northern Army Group in Rheindahlen in Germany.ā
TurnerĀ continued:Ā āWe always used to joke nervously that this would be the target of the first Soviet tactical nuclear missile to launch hostilities in Europe.ā Nothing quite puts you in the mood for political work like a few wisecracks about the apocalypse. Turner said that the UK should continue to focus on Ukraine as a weapon against Russia: āUkraine could have a big demonstration effect in the region.Ā Indeed, there is an argument that a successful Ukraine could be a swing-state for the whole of the FSU [former Soviet Union].ā
āConversely, if Ukraine fails, it would be easy for unelected or undemocratic leaders in the region to claim that āwesternā style governance has no place around here.ā Turner and his colleagues hoped that they could nudge Yanukovych in the pro-Western direction. āBefore the election of President Yanukovych, he was often depicted as being āpro-Russianā.Ā This is too simple,ā TurnerĀ explainedĀ before laying out the economic āreformsā being undertaken.
To quicken the process, Turner saw the UKās role as Ukraineās gateway to NATO: to establish Ukraine as a NATO proxy but without giving it the benefits and collective protection guarantees of NATO members. As he said, āThereās a lot the UK can continue to do to work closely with Ukraine to help its armed forces to reform and to make them more capable of integrating into, and working with, NATO forces.ā
British proposals included appointing a special Defense Adviser, providing language training, and naval integration. Turnerās follow-up statement, also in 2011,Ā notedĀ that 17 staff and students from the UK Royal College of Defence Studies visited Ukraine, while 20 personnel from the Ukrainian National Defense University came to Britain. As part of so-called Partnership for Peace programmes, British paratroopers trained their Ukrainian counterparts.
ButĀ accordingĀ to John Kampfner, this was not enough. āWhen Russia invaded Donbas and annexed Ukraine in 2014, the UK was happy to fall in behind efforts by France and Germany to negotiate a settlement with Moscow and Kyiv under the Normandy Format, which ultimately failed,ā writes the journalist and author, who neglects to mention why the negotiations failed. Kampfner is now Executive Director of theĀ UK in the World Programme:Ā a project of the Royal Institute for International Affairs think tank that seeks to formulate Britainās neocolonial doctrines.
A House of Commons research briefingĀ statesĀ that, at the time, the EUās major powers, France and Germany, opposed sending military equipment to Ukraine. This was in contrast to the US position under US President Barack Obama. Britain bolstered the US position while compromising with its European neighbors by sending so-called non-lethal equipment.
āWin-wins for NATOā
In 2015, Britain established Operation Orbital to train Ukrainian forces. From 2017 to 2020, various branches of the government, including the Foreign Office and Department for International Development (which later merged), spent over Ā£30 million of taxpayersā money on the so-calledĀ Conflict, Stability and Security FundĀ (CSSF). In addition to Orbital, the funds contributed to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europeās Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine.
The House of Commons research briefingĀ saysĀ that a year later, Ukraine and Britain signed a Memorandum of Understanding to continue military training and arms exports. āIn 2018 training teams consisting of Royal Navy and Royal Marines personnel were deployed to deliver training to the Ukrainian Navy.ā In late-2020, it wasĀ reportedĀ that 100 soldiers from the 3rdĀ Rifles and 4thĀ Battalion Royal Regiment of Scotland (4 Scots) āare in Ukraine providing training to Ukrainian Force.ā
In 2021, the UK pledged £1.7bn in financingĀ to support the Ukrainian Naval Capabilities Enhancement Programme. In June of that year, the military contractor Babcock signed aĀ tripartite memorandumĀ of understanding with the UK and Ukrainian governments to regenerate Ukraineās naval ports. āBabcock will be supported by several other companies with a strong UK presence, including MBDA, Thales, and Royal Haskoning DHV.ā
In August 2021,Ā SoldierĀ magazineĀ reportedĀ that British forces had ābeen training with their Ukrainian counterparts as part of a multinational package that also involved Canadian, US and Swedish personnel.ā The 400 person battle group mainly consisted of personnel from 4 Scots who were deployed to Ukraine āwith the aim of developing mutual relations, joint planning and battalion and tactical operations.ā The report notes how personnel practiced live-fire drills with Ukraineās 54thĀ Mechanized Brigade, āwhich has completed multiple tours in the volatile Donbas region.ā
Commenting on Exercise Cossack Mace, Lt. Col. Alasdair Hempenstall of 4 ScotsĀ saidĀ of his men: āThey have learnt how the Ukrainians operate from a military perspective, as well as experiencing a taste of their culture and heritage.ā
AĀ British Army ReviewĀ publication from summer 2021Ā states:Ā āUkraine and Estonia have evolved more from support to (UK) Operations ORBITAL and CABRITā, the UK deployment to Estonia as part of NATOās Forward Presence. āThese are also win-wins for NATO, which is coming neatly into alignment.ā
Lt. Col. Glen Grant (ret.)Ā is a Riga (Latvia)-based British military advisor in Ukraine and graduate of various institutions, including the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. A Northern Ireland war veteran (i.e., counterinsurgency specialist) and military-intelligence operative in 1990sā Bosnia and Iraq, Grant has advised most of the militaries of Eastern Europe/the Baltic and Balkans regions.
Consider the background: In the 2010s, the US Agency for International Development ā the State Departmentās privatization and astroturf wing āĀ helpedĀ Ukraineās so-called Democratic Alliance; one of many groups pushing for pro-Western āreformsā and an entity prominent in the Euromaidan protests that escalated into the 2013-14 coup. One prominent Democratic Alliance leader was politician and advisor Victor Andrusiv, who went on to lead an entity called the Ukrainian Institute for the Future (UIF), founded by figures likeĀ ex-military officerĀ and businessman, Anatoliy Amelin,Ā founderĀ of one of Ukraineās largest investment companies, Altani Capital.
Another UIF founder, Taras Berezovets, is aĀ graduateĀ of Britainās Royal College of Defence Studies who becameĀ headĀ of the UIFās National Security and Defense section. The late Oleksiy Skrypnyk was Deputy Chairman of the Permanent Delegation to the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, who during the Trump years successfully ālobbiedĀ the United States to supply Ukraine with sophisticated Javelin anti-tank missiles.ā
Lt. Col. GrantĀ works as a security and defense expertĀ at the UIF, āwhere he is supporting the Parliamentary Defence Committeeā and leads military volunteers and army officers. Grant is also a senior fellow at the Institute for Statecraft (IfS): the notorious military-intelligence front organization set up in 2005 and registered to a derelict-looking mill in Scotland. As has been well-documented elsewhere, the IfS spun out a British Foreign Office-funded organization calledĀ the Integrity Initiative, which created covert āclustersā of journalists, academics, and other anti-Russian influencers.
Earlier in 2022, the UK-ledĀ Allied Rapid Reaction CorpsĀ (ARRC) completed its year-long tenure as NATOās combat corps headquarters. Training teams later deployed to Estonia and Ukraine. The ARRC also partners with the Romanian-led Multinational Corps South-East.
This March, the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD)Ā saidĀ that Britain deployed to Poland the Sky Sabre medium-range, anti-aircraft system, which consists of radar and trucks carrying missiles, including 100 personnel. Troops from the 16thĀ Regiment Royal Artillery operate the weapon. Others from the Regiment have been at a base on Baker Barracks, Thorney Island (on the English Channel), ready to deploy to Poland. Starstreak, meanwhile, isĀ describedĀ as a high velocity anti-craft missile, which was sent to Ukraine.
āDiplomacy is the only path,ā UK Defense Secretary declares while promising escalation in Ukraine
In September 2021, MoD personnel met with the National Guard of Ukraine (NGU), a wing of the Ukrainian military providing the umbrella for notorious battalions ofĀ neo-Nazi activistsĀ and criminal elements.Ā Operation Orbitalās Lt. Col. Andy Cox Deputy commanderĀ said:Ā āWe will start this work with the inclusion of NGU representatives in the training activities that are already being conducted by British instructors in some units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.ā Classified in the UK, the information was posted on the NGU website, prompting denials from the MoD.
In February 2022, the Royal Welsh Battlegroup left its base in Germany to travel to Estonia as part of Operation Iron Surge, which included a convoy of Warrior infantry fighting vehicles and Challenger 2 main battle tanks. Other entities involved included the 1stĀ Aviation Brigade Combat Team of the Army Air Corps.Ā
BritaināsĀ daffyĀ Defence Secretary Ben Wallace, who laterĀ fell forĀ a state secret-spilling prank,Ā said:Ā āAlongside our NATO Allies, we are deploying troops and assets on land, sea and air to bolster European defences in response to the build-up of Russian military forces on the border of Ukraine.ā He added: āDe-escalation and diplomacy remain the only path out of this situation,ā as he continued to escalate the situation and quash efforts to negotiate a settlement.
Video-prank with British Defense Minister Ben Wallace
On March 17, 2022, Vovan and Lexus held a video conference with British Defense Minister Ben Wallace on behalf of Prime Minister of Denis Shmyhal. Wait for the full version of the conversation in a few days on our channel. pic.twitter.com/siq9FYKvFE
ā Ignorance, the root and stem of all evil (@ivan_8848) March 23, 2022
Also in February, it wasĀ reportedĀ that a team of Special Air Service (SAS) veterans who had fought in Afghanistan and Iraq were receiving money funneled through an unnamed private company via an unnamed European country. Veterans include warrant officers, sergeants, corporals, and snipers who will reportedly kill Russian spotters. The veterans are expert Javelin and Stinger missile operators, suggesting that they training the Ukrainians how to use such weapons. In addition, the US Joint Special Operations Group and SAS reportedly have an evacuation plan for high-ranking politicians, including Zelenskyy.
A month later, four British soldiersĀ went AWOLĀ to fight Russians. This prompted an official ban on personnel traveling to Ukraine. In April, the UK hosted the Ukrainian delegation to the Salisbury Plain Training Area. Ukraineās Deputy Defense Minister, Volodymyr Havrylo,Ā witnessedĀ the British Armyās 3rdĀ Division and Royal Marines demonstrating āa range of equipment and options for further military support, including defensive missile systems and protected mobility vehicles.ā
James Heappey, the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Defense,Ā confirmedĀ that 120 armored vehicles were being manufactured/sent to Ukraine and that Ukrainian forces would be trained to use them in the UK. Special ForcesĀ arrivedĀ in Obolon, Kyiv, to train the Ukrainian 112thĀ Battalion in how to use NLAW anti-tank missiles.Ā Later that month, it wasĀ allegedĀ that around 20 sabotage experts from the SAS had arrived in Lviv, western Ukraine.Ā The MirrorĀ reportedĀ that a squadron of serving SAS troops in Poland trained Ukrainians in sabotage.
By May, Britain had sent Ukraine 4,000 NLAWs, anĀ undisclosed numberĀ of Javelin missiles, 3,000 sets of body armor, 2,000 helmets, and 4,000 (presumably pairs of) boots. Thousands of grenades, claymore anti-personnel devices, heavy machine guns, high-velocity sniper rifles, and 66mm anti-tank weapons had beenĀ sentĀ via NATO countries.
And by the end of that month, the UK taxpayer had forked out a stunning £2.8 billion to Ukraine in so-called aid programs and military equipment, including 6,500 anti-tank missiles.
In June, reservists from the UKās 4thĀ Battalion, Mercian Regiment,Ā trainedĀ with the Lithuanian Armyās Iron Wolf Brigade. The 3,500-troop exercises included forces from 14 different countries, including Ukraine. The 1stĀ Regiment Army Air Corps provided four Wildcat helicopters. Heappey, the Under-Secretary of State for Defense,Ā said:Ā āThe UK plans to deploy 1,050 UK Service personnel to facilitate the training of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It is estimated that 900 of these will be responsible for the training aspect of the programme.ā
UK Foreign Secretary Liz Truss encourages British citizens to fight in Ukraine
In October 2015,Ā Foreign PolicyĀ reported:Ā āWhen separatists started a war in eastern Ukraine, hundreds of Russians, Belarusians, and other foreigners came to Kievās defense. Now theyāve been abandoned.ā Flash forward to the present, and the British government and elements of the media are openly encouraging volunteers to kill and die in Ukraine, even though young men are returning and warning others that they are being used forĀ āsuicide mission[s].ā
In April, when asked by the BBC about British people volunteering in Ukraine, Britainās Foreign Secretary, Liz Truss, who is likely to replace Johnson as PM,Ā said:Ā āI do support that, and of course, that is something that people can make their own decisions about.ā It wasĀ reportedĀ that Trussās comments provoked Russia to put its nuclear weapons on high alert.
The Chief of Defence Staff, Admiral Sir Tony Radakin, immediatelyĀ contradictedĀ Truss: āWeāve been very clear that itās unlawful as well as unhelpful for UK military and for the UK population to start going towards Ukraine in that sense.āĀ Johnsonās spokespersonĀ said:Ā āWe currently advise against travelling to Ukraine.ā
By June, aĀ reported 20,000 volunteers were fighting in Ukraine, of whom 3,000 were British. Up to 80 percent pass through the Georgian Legion, which operates under Ukrainian command, where the volunteers are supposedly vetted. āYouāre more of a hindrance than a help,āĀ saysĀ veteran Martin Dunwoody, who went to give humanitarian aid but ended up advising the inexperienced combat volunteers he encountered.
Former Royal Navy engineer, āCurtis,ā joined other foreign fighters via the base in Yavoriv,Ā explaining:Ā āThere was absolutely no structure to it at all, nothing at all.ā He fought in Irpin, near Kyiv City. āMost of the ex-serving, whether itās Navy, Army, Marines, even the Air Force, some guys were there ā they were within a decent age, 30 and above, but there were a lot of young guys who had never been in any serving military, had noĀ military training at all, kind ofĀ Call of Duty-type people.ā Curtis reckoned that over 20 Britons had already died in Ukraine: āWe were using essentially supermarket radios, which are not at all decent for fighting with, Russians can listen to everything we were saying, and it was highlighted many times.ā
Anton Vybornyi, a British citizen andĀ businessman,Ā wasĀ picturedĀ in Korczowa, Poland, on the border with Ukraine with his van full of military equipment. āIt includes body armourā, and his team, Alexei Kalmikov and Andrius Dargis. VybornyiĀ raised £25,000 to assist the volunteers.
IMAGE: British citizen and Businessman, Anton Vybornyi, picturedĀ in Korczowa, Poland, on the border with Ukraine, with his van full of military equipment
CONCLUSION: TRUTH IN THE RECORDS
As usual, government and military records reveal the opposite of statements by politicians and their media echo-chambers about the events that precipitated the outbreak of war between Russia and Ukraine.
A British House of Commons research briefing contains a timeline whichĀ notes that in February 2019, Ukraineās constitution was amended to set its NATO membership application into motion. In June 2020, Ukraine was granted NATO Enhanced Opportunity Partner status. In September, President Zelenskyy adopted a National Security Strategy, which included provisions for joining NATO.
In April 2021, Russia announced a troop build-up and exercises on the border. Notice the chronology. Later that month, Russia āre-deployed its forces back to their home bases.ā In October of that year, the Ukrainian military used a drone in eastern Ukraine, āangering Russia.ā After amassing troops on the border, Russia in December 2021 demanded security guarantees that Ukraine will not join NATO. Putin thenĀ presented draft proposalsĀ to the United Nations Security Council. The House of Commons briefing makes no reference to Britain or Americaās responses ā or lack thereof ā to the proposals. In January this year, US President Biden seemed to invite Russiaās invasion byĀ referringĀ to the impending events as a potential āincursionā not invasion, which Putin took to be a signal that the US would not react harshly.
Another House of Commons Library research briefingĀ states: āRussia is seeking longer-term security guarantees from the Alliance that Ukraine will not be admitted as a Member State and that NATO military infrastructure will not be deployed in the country.ā The briefing paper also notes that NATO had escalated around Ukraine: āNATO allies have moved to shore up the defence of eastern Europe with the deployment of additional ships and fighter aircraft to the region.ā The 2014-15 Minsk Agreements remain ālargely unimplemented by both sides.ā
The combination of hubris, intransigence and militarism reflected in these official UK documents helps explain how the stage was set for a mad confrontation between nuclear powers.
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Author: Global Affairs
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