Medical Debt and Beyond: Texas Judge Blocks Biden Rule, Negatively Affecting Baby Boomers

On July 15, 2025, a Federal Texas judge struck down a significant rule. The Biden-era Consumer Financial Protection Bureau rule would have banned medical debt from appearing on credit reports, which would have benefited roughly 15 million Americans by removing a whopping $49 billion in medical debts. Further, the ruling would have improved credit scores for these Americans by an average of 20%. U.S. citizens who have struggled with medical-related debt face major setbacks when attempting to qualify for mortgages and loans. The CFPB rule would have greatly alleviated financial stress for these individuals. However, Judge Sean Jordan ruled that such massive changes lacked statutory authority under the Fair Credit Reporting Act.

Medical debts are primarily burdening older populations, like baby boomers. In 2024, Baby Boomers had a collective total of $4.50 trillion in debt, according to data from Experian. This is down from $4.58T in 2023. While Millennials and GenXers have more debt than Boomers do, Boomers owe more than the Silent Generation and more than GenZ. 

While most people have traditionally focused on paying off debt before retirement, that’s not necessarily going to be the case with the Boomers, many of whom are in retirement already or close to it. To understand where they stand, let’s take a look at what Boomers currently owe, whether payoff should be a priority, and how they can clear their obligations to creditors before their debt derails their retirement dreams. 

This post was updated on July 17, 2025 to include the recent ruling by a Texas Federal Judge.

How much do Baby Boomers owe?

Boomers clearly have a lot of loans outstanding with $4.50 trillion in debt, but exactly what kind of debt does this generation have? Let’s take a look at some of the specifics from Experian’s data. Boomers owe an average of:

• $18,474 in non-mortgage debt
• $22,190 in car loans
• $6,754 in credit card debt
• $194,334 in mortgage debt

Much of this debt is not going to be gone before old age arrives. In fact, the AARP reports that 53% of households headed by someone 75 and over had debt in 2022 compared to 32% in 1992. Among those 65 and over who are carrying outstanding balances, 65% say that it’s a problem and 29% say it’s a major problem. 

Why is going into retirement with debt a big issue?

Unfortunately, going into retirement with debt can be a major financial issue. There are a few big problems with leaving work while still carrying a large balance:

• It may show you are financially unprepared. If you are carrying a large debt balance, that could be because you’re having trouble managing your finances. This is not a situation likely to improve with the end of your paychecks. 
• You’ll need to use your limited income to repay debt. When you receive your Social Security check or take distributions from your account, you’ll have to use some of this money for debt payment. This means you will have less money to live on and may need to take larger retirement account withdrawals, putting you at greater risk of running out of money. 
• You’ll have less financial stability. The more financial obligations you have, the less stability you have. You’re in a much better position to retire if you own your home free and clear and if you have no other creditors to send payments to on a monthly basis.

Retirement is a time in your life when you need to be in as secure a place as possible. Debt adds to your insecurity and it is typically not something you want to deal with after you lose the stability of employer-provided income. 

Is it ever a good idea to retire with debt?

As a general rule, you should try to pay off all that you owe before you leave work. If you do, you won’t need as much income in your later years. However, this is not always the right move, and it’s not always feasible. 

There are some circumstances where it may not make sense to focus on debt paydown but instead to retire while you still have a balance. That’s especially the case with mortgage debt. If you were lucky enough to get a home loan at a very low rate during the pandemic or even in the pre-pandemic era, then keeping that loan makes more sense than trying to send extra payments to pay it down. If you have a mortgage at 2.9%, for example, you are much better off just paying the minimum and investing any extra money you might be thinking about putting toward debt paydown. 

If you have higher-interest debt, on the other hand, then paying it off should be a priority before retiring if at all possible.  This is especially true for very expensive types of debt like credit cards or payday loans. The interest can be far too much of a burden to pay out of your retirement funds. 

There is, however, one caveat to be aware of. You do not want to drain your retirement account to become debt-free.  Say, for example, you owe $50,o00 on your mortgage and credit cards. It may be tempting to take that money out of your 401(k) when you retire to pay off all your balances. Unfortunately, a big withdrawal from a retirement account could trigger a big tax bill and also leave you without the funds invested that you need to earn returns and maintain your account balance.

If it’s a choice between carrying debt into retirement and withdrawing funds at an unsafe rate, then carrying the debt is the better move. Of course, the best choice would likely be to keep working until the balance is paid when possible.

How to pay down debt before retiring 

If you are carrying a debt balance, you should make a plan to pay it off so you can be done with your creditors before you leave your job. You can do this by figuring out when you are going to retire and calculating how much to pay each month before that date to eliminate your outstanding loans. 

For example, if you are retiring in four years and you have a $20,000 credit card balance to deal with at a 27% interest rate, you could use an online card payoff calculator to determine that you must pay $685 per month from now until retirement to make the debt disappear in time. 

Once you know how much to pay, adjust your budget to accommodate that payment. This could mean cutting spending on other things, depending on just how much you owe. If you cannot afford the payment even with spending cuts, consider whether you can pick up a side gig, do some overtime at work, or delay retirement a little bit to give you more time. 

After you’ve made room in your budget, set up automatic payments so your debt will get paid as necessary each month and you’ll owe nothing more when the time to retire arrives. 

Strategies to make debt payoff easier

There are a few different techniques you can try to make the payoff process easier. 

One is refinancing your debt. If you have a lot of high-interest debt, you may be able to take out a personal loan or even a home equity loan or line of credit to refinance. You can use the new cheaper loan to pay off the more expensive debt, making payback easier. Just be careful about home equity loans because you do put your house at risk. 

You can also try a debt snowball approach, which means focusing on paying down the debt with your lowest balance first and then shifting the payments to your debt with the next lowest balance. This technique, made popular by Dave Ramsey, is supposed to keep you motivated. 

By exploring these strategies, hopefully you can achieve the goal of debt-freedom before you become a retiree. It’s well worth the effort so you can have the peace of mind of knowing you don’t owe money you must pay out of your limited retirement funds.

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