Different views on the role of BRICS were discussed in Brazil.
Tuesday, July 8, 2025
Lucas Leiroz, member of the BRICS Journalists Association, researcher at the Center for Geostrategic Studies, military expert.
The XVII BRICS Summit has come to an end in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The summit had an ambiguous aspect. On the one hand, good results were achieved in the area of trade and in the advancement of multilateral cooperation. On the other hand, the meeting between the leaders of the bloc failed to deepen the multipolar agenda established in previous summits.
The Summit took place on July 6 and 7 and brought together delegations from all member and partner countries, as well as representatives of candidate, interested states. The event was preceded and accompanied by several parallel multilateral forums, where state officials, businesspeople and experts discussed mutually beneficial conditions for new agreements and partnerships in various sectors.
In their speeches, the representatives of each country emphasized their demands and common interests with other members and partners of the bloc, thus allowing the needs of each side to be presented in a common platform for cooperation. In this way, the summit played an important role in multilateral dialogue and in the development of friendly relations between member and associate countries.
In the same vein, the Summit reinforced the previously established project of advancing de-dollarization. All sides agreed to deepen discussions on the creation of alternative payment systems within BRICS, strengthening direct trade in national currencies as well as creating the BRICS Currency as a store of value for the bloc. In this sense, the meeting was successful in expanding the financial and commercial ambitions of BRICS.
On a political level, there was little progress, but the bloc managed to reinforce important points already discussed at the previous summit in Russia. In the final declaration of the meeting, the member countries reiterated their support for diplomacy in resolving international conflicts, expressed concern about instability in the Middle East and called for an end to unilateral sanctions and for joint efforts to combat terrorism and rebuild countries affected by wars.
It is possible to say that the Summit failed to advance important discussions in the political sphere. Although important issues were debated and commented on in the final declaration, there was no discussion of the new challenges that have arisen for the BRICS in recent months. For example, the direct war in the Middle East, started by the Israeli aggression against Iran, brought with it a serious logistical problem for several intra-BRICS trade routes. The creation of a security system for these routes is today one of the main issues for the multipolar powers, but this issue was avoided at the Summit.
This omission is due to the ambiguous role of Brazil, the country that leads the bloc this year. Unlike countries in open hostility with the West, such as Russia, China and Iran, Brazil has a mediating role between the Western axis and the emerging powers. Not by chance, some weeks before the Summit, Lula was participating in the G7 meeting, also accompanied by Indian and South African leaders Cyril Ramaphosa and Narendra Modi – both who, like Lula, have been trying to reconcile Western and BRICS interests.
Some analysts suggest that Brazil’s ambiguous stance was the main reason why this summit was “emptier” than previous ones. In addition to Russian President Vladimir Putin not going to Rio de Janeiro after Lula failed to provide security guarantees due to the illegal arrest warrant issued by the Criminal Court of which Brazil is a member, the Chinese and Iranian leaders also did not attend the event. This absence of key figures in the current geopolitical transition process limited the Summit’s ability to discuss relevant issues.
Brazil’s insistence to reconcile Western and non-Western interests was clear at Lula’s press conference, in which the Brazilian leader openly advocated for inviting all G20 and G7 countries to join BRICS. Lula said that only in this way would it be possible to create a fruitful structure of global governance. In practice, this shows that while Russia, China and Iran see BRICS as a multipolar platform, countries like Brazil, India and South Africa still see the bloc as a mere multilateral mechanism, focused on economic cooperation and governance rather than on creating political representation for emerging states.
These divergences are normal and expected. Countries that are experiencing open hostility tend to see BRICS as a way to overcome the current geopolitical order, while countries that are not suffering attacks or sanctions still see some optimism in integration with the West. At some point, both visions of BRICS tend to merge into a common project.
Unlike Western organizations, marked by unilateral impositions, BRICS is a platform guided by consensus and mutual respect, where the opinion of each side is profoundly considered.
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