(RAIR Foundation)—A new report from the Pew Research Center reveals that Islam is growing significantly faster than any other religion in the world. Between 2010 and 2020, the number of Muslims increased by a staggering 347 million people, more than the combined growth of all other major religions, and nearly three times the growth of Christianity during the same period. This surge is fueled by high birth rates, a youth-dominated age structure, and mass migration, particularly into Western nations.
According to Pew, Islam’s global population grew from 1.6 billion in 2010 to approximately 1.94 billion by 2020, raising the Muslim share of the world’s population from 23.8% to 25.6%. This makes Islam not only the fastest-growing major religion but the only one increasing its global share in nearly every region.
Two Main Drivers: High Fertility and Youth-Dominated Demographics
Pew identifies natural population growth, more births than deaths, as the primary factor behind Islam’s global expansion. Muslim populations have the highest fertility rate of any major religious group: 2.9 children per woman globally, well above the replacement rate of 2.1 and higher than the Christian average of 2.6.
Islam also has a uniquely young age profile: 33% of the global Muslim population is under the age of 15, compared to 27% of Christians and 19% of the religiously unaffiliated. The median age of Muslims globally is 24, the youngest of any religious group, guaranteeing decades of continued growth.
Migration Expands Islam’s Reach in the West
While global Muslim growth is driven primarily by births, migration plays a powerful role regionally, especially in Europe and North America. Pew projects that the Muslim population in Europe could reach 14% or more by 2050, depending on immigration levels. In the United States, the Muslim population is projected to double between 2010 and 2050, and surpass Jews as the second-largest religious group by mid-century.
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