The ancient history of Africa included great empires and many civilizations, but it was probably not the cradle of humanity, which came from modern humans leaving Eurasia and mixing with Denisovans in Asia, Australopithecus in Indonesia, and Erectus in Africa.
At this point Africa experienced genetic backflow as other groups hit maturity and went exploring:
Extensive simulation results reject the null model of no admixture and allow us to infer that contemporary African populations contain a small proportion of genetic material (≈2%) that introgressed ≈35 kya from an archaic population that split from the ancestors of anatomically modern humans ≈700 kya. Three candidate regions showing deep haplotype divergence, unusual patterns of linkage disequilibrium, and small basal clade size are identified and the distributions of introgressive haplotypes surveyed in a sample of populations from across sub-Saharan Africa. One candidate locus with an unusual segment of DNA that extends for >31 kb on chromosome 4 seems to have introgressed into modern Africans from a now-extinct taxon that may have lived in central Africa. Taken together our results suggest that polymorphisms present in extant populations introgressed via relatively recent interbreeding with hominin forms that diverged from the ancestors of modern humans in the Lower-Middle Pleistocene.
The modern habit of viewing people as “Black” or “African” misses a lot of this great variation. Not only was there genetic backflow into Africa, but Africa consists of a number of related populations exchanging DNA across great distances:
We identified 14 ancestral population clusters in Africa that correlate with self-described ethnicity and shared cultural and/or linguistic properties. We observed high levels of mixed ancestry in most populations, reflecting historical migration events across the continent. Our data also provide evidence for shared ancestry among geographically diverse hunter-gatherer populations (Khoesan speakers and Pygmies). The ancestry of African Americans is predominantly from Niger-Kordofanian (approximately 71%), European (approximately 13%), and other African (approximately 8%) populations, although admixture levels varied considerably among individuals.
Most likely, African and Asian populations were more socially advanced than Caucasians.
The Caucasoids however were more focused on analytical and creative pursuits, but were hopeless at socializing (still are, really).
Consequently, Caucasian admixture into Asia and Africa produced a sudden jolt of punctuated equilibrium that then hit the limits imposed by social behavior, and those societies fell apart and diminished themselves through infighting.
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Author: Brett Stevens
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