On September 29-30, 1941, the eve of Yom Kippur, the Germans murdered 33,771 Jewish men, women and children in Babyn Yar (Babi Yar), almost four miles from the center of Kiev, the capital of the Soviet Ukrainian Republic. Although Babi Yar was “not the largest Holocaust-era mass murder site on Soviet soil,” it was significant for two reasons, explains historian Shay Pilnik, director of the Emil A. and Jenny Fish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies at Yeshiva University. Kiev, with a Jewish population of 160,000, was “the hub for Jewish culture” and the first European capital to become Judenrein (free of Jews) during the Holocaust.
Babi Yar’s Uniqueness
Pilnik quotes historian Lucy Dawidowicz, who remarked that the “unprecedented” pace of the killings, which occurred within 36 hours, is the second reason for Babi Yar’s importance. The numbers established “a record in the annals of mass murder,” she said. At Auschwitz-Birkenau, the total capacity of the four gas chambers and crematoria was a maximum of 6,000 a day at its peak.
Another justification for Babi Yar’s uniqueness, Pilnik said, was that although the site “was not the largest killing field during World War II in the Soviet Union, the approximate number of 100,000 dead in Babi Yar, the overwhelming majority of whom were Jewish, helped establish Babi Yar’s position as the centerpiece of the Holocaust in the USSR.”
Murders continued at Babi Yar for a number of months, Dawidowicz said, but never to the extent as on September 29-30, when 33,771 Jews were slaughtered simply because they were Jews. Pilnik estimates “a minimum of 10,000 non-Jews” were murdered, “among whom were Russians, Ukrainians, and Roma,” who were buried on the site.
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Author: Ruth King
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